ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the geographic variation in the prevalence of asthma in children, according to their place of residence in Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of the epidemiological surveillance system dataset for respiratory diseases in Mexico carried on. From 27 February to 5 November 2020, a total of 1,048,576 subjects were screened for SARS-CoV2 infection, of which 35,899 were children under 18 years of age. The strength of the association was estimated by odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Of 1,048,576 patients who attended for SARS-CoV2 infection detection, 35,899 corresponded to pediatric patients who met the study criteria. The estimated national prevalence of asthma was 3.9% (95% CI: 3.7-4.1%). The nationwide prevalence of asthma was 3.9% (95% CI: 3.7% - 4.1%); the minimum was 2.8% (Southeast region) and the maximum 6.8% (Southeast region). Compared to the South-West Region that presented the minimum prevalence at the national level, the Northwest (OR = 2.41) and Southeast (OR = 1.33) regions showed the highest risk of asthma in pediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma in children differed markedly among the different regions of Mexico; two regions, Northwest and Southeast, stood out. This study puts into context the role of the environment on the prevalence of asthma in children.
OBJECTIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de asma en pacientes pediátricos, según su lugar de residencia en la República Mexicana, durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, llevado a cabo a partir de la revisión de datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica para Enfermedades Respiratorias en México, analizados del 27 febrero al 5 de noviembre de 2020. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes que acudieron a la detección de infección por SARS-CoV2, menores de 18 años. La fuerza de asociación se estimó con la razón de momios. RESULTADOS: De 1,048,576 pacientes que acudieron a la detección de infección de SARS-CoV2, 35,899 correspondieron a pacientes pediátricos que cumplieron con los criterios del estudio. La prevalencia nacional de asma estimada fue de 3.9% (IC95%: 3.7-4.1%); la prevalencia mínima se observó en la región Suroeste (2.8%) y la máxima en el Sureste (6.8%); comparada con la región Suroeste, que registró la prevalencia mínima a nivel nacional, y la Noroeste (RM = 2.41) y Sureste (RM = 1.33) mostraron el mayor riesgo de asma en la población pediátrica. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de asma en niños mexicanos difirió notoriamente en los diferentes estados de la República Mexicana; sobresalieron las regiones Noroeste y Sureste. Este estudio pone de manifiesto el papel del medio ambiente en la prevalencia del asma en pacientes pediátricos mexicanos.
Subject(s)
Asthma , COVID-19 , Child , Humans , Adolescent , Prevalence , Mexico/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Pandemics , RNA, Viral , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Asthma/epidemiology , Asthma/diagnosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In children, infection by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) usually occurs asymptomatic or with mild clinical data, only a minor proportion have severe symptoms or a set of post-infectious signs and symptoms described as Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystemic Syndrome (PIMS). AIM: To describe the association of comorbidities with symptomatic infection and PIMS due to SARS-CoV-2 in children. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study, pediatric patients hospitalized were included. Active infection was diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction and/or antigenic tests. Patients with PIMS were identified by the definition proposed by the World Health Organization. RESULTS: 375 patients were studied, the median age was 3.8 years. 47.7% (n: 179) had comorbidities, the most frequent were: solid neoplasms and/or hematological diseases 17.1% (n: 64), obesity 13.3% (n: 48) and chronic pneumopathies 9, 3% (n: 35). SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 16.5% (n: 62/375) and PIMS in 10.4% (n. 39/375). Children with obesity showed a higher risk of infection (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.05-4.6) and in those with cancer (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03-0.68) the PIMS risk was lower. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of comorbidities modifies the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and PIMS.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospitalization , Humans , Obesity , Syndrome , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It has recently been argued that asthma does not increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. If so, the prevalence of asthma in subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 should be lower than in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of asthma in Mexican children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A public database of the Epidemiological Surveillance System for Viral Respiratory Disease in Mexico was analyzed. Those who underwent the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction-SARS-CoV-2 (rtRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2) test from February 27 to June 21, 2020, were included. In addition to the prevalence of asthma, some factors associated with it were investigated. RESULTS: Data from 417,366 subjects were analyzed. Asthma prevalence in children, adults, and global were 3.7%, 3.3%, and 3.3%, respectively. Although the asthma prevalence was lower in SARS-CoV-2 positive over negative patients, significant differences were only found in adults (2.8% vs. 3.7% respectively; odds ratio (OR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.77); but not in children (3.5% vs. 3.8%, respectively; OR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.76-1.10). Multivariate analysis showed in younger than 18 years that girls and immunosuppression were factors associated with a decrease in the odds to develop asthma. In adults, asthma was positively associated with females, obesity, smoking, immunosuppression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asthma in child and adult were lower than those previously reported. Our study seems to support the hypothesis that asthma patients have a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to demonstrate the consistency of our findings.